Lifelong Learning Programme

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Title of the Experience
Renal function. Urine analysis
Name of the teacher
Maria Masip
Country where it took place
Spain
School typology
High Secondary School
Thematic Area
Biology
Experience typology
Laboratory
Type of contact
Direct
Description of the Experience
This practice study the composition of urine and kidney function and promote the acquisition of intellectual skills that enable students to raise questions of increasing complexity and this practice allows them to acquire skills in the use of laboratory equipment.

Urine analysis is an experience that can determine both structural disorders (anatomical) and functional (physiological). Urine of students, who have voluntarily committed to carrying a certain diet in the days before the test, is analyzed for determining the influence of diet on the different parameters analyzed and therefore renal function.
Diets that will consume the students are:
- Diet 1 : contains a high protein content.
- Diet 2 : low protein content.
- Diet 3: healthy diet, but all foods are eaten without salt and with a high amount of water.
- Diet 4 : contains a high glucose consumption.
These diets were maintained for 3 days and the fourth day an urine analysis is performed. The chemical analysis determines the following parameters: urea, chloride, albumin, leukocytes, nitrite, urobilinogen, protein, pH, hemoglobin, density, ketones, bilirubin and glucose using chemical tests and test strips. Sediment analysis is performed by using a microscope to detect the presence of cells and determining the crystals.
From the results of urine tests students notice the influence of the four types of diets in the different parameters: urea, pH, density, glucose... and get their own conclusions. From these findings students may better understand kidney function.

The practice is well designed and can be addressed successfully. Students can be very interested because they will analyze their own urine and this will motivate them to participate and become more involved in research.

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